OK, I understand now.
I have a few comments before engaging in the "science."
There are only several spots on the globe where people can live long and healthy. All those places are highlands.
Ssscccrrreeeeeetttccchhhh!!!! Stop right there.
Do you know where people live the longest? Japan and Okinawa. Okinawa in particular is a farming and fishing culture that lives at sea level. You don't get much lower than that, do you?
By the way, why do (did) Okinawans live longer? We're now just beginning to understand why. Those who move to the West and live a Western lifestyle die just as early, and of the same illnesses. Diet likely has a lot to do with it. Avoiding animal fats and having fats from raw fish seems to be key. Having a lower calorie diet also seems to be important. You might not grow as tall, but you will live longer.
It's all about the air they breathe. The air in the highlands contains less oxygen than in the lowlands. And the highlanders' way of breathing differs from ours. Can you stay at home and also breathe the same air in the same way? Yes.
Respiratory training device FRTD-01 developed by Dinamika, Ltd. creates the air of highlands right in your lungs.
Ssscccrrreeeeeetttccchhhh!!!!
Can you say
Infomercial? Beware of the snake oil salesman.
Also, this guy has some strange spellings of common biochemical terms, if not outright misspellings. Kreatine instead of creatine, and mol instead of mole. One has to wonder...
That being said...
To start with, he describes things that most folks with a basic understanding of biochemistry and respiratory physiology already know. There are three forms of energy production. Two of them (phosphocreatine and glycolysis) are anaerobic, and used for short, intense periods of high energy production - much higher than aerobic respiration can support. Weightlifters and 100 meter sprinters use the phosphocreatine system. Middle distance runners and workers used glycolysis - the type of energy production that creates "the burn" (lactic acid production in the muscles). And finally, long distance runners rely on aerobic respiratory mechanisms for energy production. This is long-distance, lower output production.
When at rest and not taxed, we engage in aerobic respiration and energy production. The phosphocreatine and glycolysis systems are your high power energy reserves.
This guy is talking about training the body to use both aerobic and glycolytic mechanisms
at rest. Fine... It's likely done by those who move up to higher altitudes, and by folks with COPD who are chronically under-respirated. But it's worth mentioning that the body fights you along the way. When you cheat your body of oxygen like this, the body will respond by making more red blood cells. Ultimately homeostasis dictates that the body finds a new operating point. That means the blood develops greater oxygen carrying capacity. But that comes at the expense of higher blood viscosity, which means the heart must work harder and/or the peripheral vasculature must relax more.
This gentleman suggests that a certain degree of anaerobic respiration via glycolysis occurs at the same time as normal aerobic respiration. Furthermore, he's suggesting that it's healthier because there's less free radical production.
Hmm...
He suggests buying his device (of course) and training via some exercises.
In the end, I conclude the following:
1) His device adds resistance to inhalation and exhalation. The Goju Ryu practitioner learns to do this without a device. I teach this in my dojo, and call it "dragon breathing." You "sniff" your inhale, and "hiss" your exhale. The former is done by pinching the nostrils with nose muscles. The latter is done by restricting the epiglottis. (For some reason, I find a few people have a hard time doing this. Go figure... They end up doing a "sshhh" or "sss" sound with the mouth or tongue. What-ever...)
2) The breathing exercises accomplish a lot of the same things done in Uechi sanchin. Many folks complain in the beginning that they can't get enough air. They end up turning blue. Over time, you learn to breathe more efficiently. I've always wondered why this happens, and thought it had something to do with using turbulent air flow with the quick bursts of respiration (exhale/inhale, then long pauses). This guy is suggesting you're teaching your body to add in a little bit of glycolysis to your normal aerobic respiration. Maybe...
I'm left scratching my head a little bit here.
It's well known that folks who suffer from COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) have very, very different respiration from those who breathe "normally." They can operate at higher blood PCO2 levels a lower PO2 levels than the healthy folks can. The body has learned to adapt in a number of ways. Certainly higher hematocrit (more red blood cells) are part of it, but a type of mixed aerobic and anaerobic breathing at rest makes sense. I believe the body may also shift the oxygen dissociation curve a bit (when the red blood cells release O2) via more 2,3 DPG production. My knowledge of such is a little rusty, but I believe I'm right here.
Is it healthy? Does it make you live longer? I remain skeptical.
Is it good to develop this w/o disease? Maybe. Many long distance athletes train at high altitude to get the extra reserve capacity before then competing at lower altitudes in a race. But these are the folks who do long distance events.
Can you do these exercises without buying the guys device? Absolutely, using the "dragon breathing" methods I spoke of. Furthermore, you're likely to have a few beneficial effects from doing it actively rather than passively. I discovered that I now sing better after doing dragon breathing exercises. The reasons are many and the benefits are subtle, but it makes sense when you think about it. I learned how to do a good diaphragmatic vibrato. I have better tonal range. Etc., etc.
As for the other biochemical effects, well we were talking about the shorter-term Bohr effect. That has to do with the shift of the oxygen dissociation curve (the release of an attachment of O2 from the red blood cells). Many things affect this - blood pH (acidity vs. alkalinity) and 2,3 DPG (diphosphogluconate) are two ways I can think of off the top of my head.
One more thing... Your body's blood PCO2 levels (carbon dioxide in the blood) affect blood pH. Dissolved carbon dioxide and water has a natural equilibrium conversion to carbonic acid. The higher the blood PC02, the higher the carbonic acid levels. High PCO2 levels purely from respiratory mechanisms (insufficient respiration) results in what is known as respiratory acidosis (as opposed to metabolic acidosis). Over breathing (hyperventilation) shifts the equilibrium the other direction with lower PCO2 levels. Thus over breathing results in respiratory alkalosis. But as you said, this is all short term.
Extended periods of under breathing can result in the kinds of stimuli on the system that produce the effects that those with COPD and those who live at high altitudes achieve.
FWIW...
Anyhow, my commentary has been 90% science, and 10% speculation. Perhaps Ian, Steve Goss, and Ben can comment further.
Save your money on the device, BTW, unless it's inexpensive. It should be; there's not much to it. I've made things like that in the dog lab with spare parts.
And as always, anyone who claims to help increase your lifespan if only you buy their stuff should be treated with extreme skepticism.
- Bill
Pressure does not liquidize mucus. 
I look forward to when the generic alternative can be given.
